Overview
Eurasian Skylark: This medium-sized lark has dark-streaked, brown upperparts and white underparts with streaks on the breast and sides, a dark edged tail, and indistinct crest on head. It forages on the ground by walking and running. Feeds mostly on seeds, grains and insects. They are renowned for their display flight and song. Alternates several rapid wing beats with short glides. Sexes are similar.
Formerly called Sky Lark, name was changed to Eurasian Skylark in 2016 by the American Ornithologist Union.
Range and Habitat
Eurasian Skylark: Common in Hawaii; this species occurs accidentally during the winter along the Pacific coast to northern California. Siberian race occurs rarely during migration along the Aleutian archipelago. Preferred habitats include farmlands, moors, salt marsh, heaths, upland pastures, and industrial waste grounds.
Larks (Alaudidae)
ORDER
A large taxonomic order that includes, titmice, warblers, silky flycatchers, and finches, the larks are also counted among the one hundred eighteen families of birds in the PASSERIFORMES (pronounced pas-ser-i-FOR-meez).
FAMILY TAXONOMY
The larks, or Alaudidae (pronounced ah-LAU-dih-dee), are composed of ninety-seven species in twenty-one genera found mostly in Eurasia and Africa.
NORTH AMERICA
There are two species of larks in two genera found in North America. These are the Horned Lark and the Eurasian Skylark.
KNOWN FOR
Larks are mostly known for singing in flight. Like many other larks, to make up for the lack of trees in the open habitats it prefers, the Horned Lark flies high up into the sky to sing its tinkling song.
PHYSICAL
Members of the Alaudidae are small, plump birds with rather short, pointed bills, rather short tails, and long wings. They have strong, medium length legs adapted to their terrestrial behavior.
COLORATION
Most larks are dull colored birds with streaked, brown, and white plumages that match their grassland habitats. The Horned Lark is one of the more colorful species with varying degrees of yellow on the underparts, a handsome black mask, breast band and feather tufts on the head that resemble horns.
GEOGRAPHIC HABITAT
The Horned Lark is widely distributed in North America, breeding throughout the United States and Canada except in the southeastern United States and in boreal forests. The Horned Lark is a non-forest species that prefers grasslands, tundra, barren fields, airports, and deserts. The other species of lark in North America, the Eurasian Skylark, is a common introduced species in similar habitats on Hawaii, and occurs as a rare vagrant on the west coast.
MIGRATION
The Horned Lark undertakes migrations to the lower forty-eight states from breeding grounds in the high arctic and Canada.
HABITS
The Horned Lark is mostly solitary in nature although can be found in loose flocks during migration and in winter. This species forages on bare ground and sparsely vegetated areas by walking along and picking up seeds, grain, and insects from the ground. They are strong fliers and are often heard calling as they fly high overhead.
CONSERVATION
Lark species in North America are not threatened, the Horned Lark actually having one of the largest populations of North American birds. However some lark species are threatened in Europe and Africa, the Sidamo Lark of Ethiopia actually being one of the most critically endangered species on the continent. This African bird species has a very limited distribution and is declining due to loss of its savannah habitat.
INTERESTING FACTS
In Eurasia, the Horned Lark is known as the Shore Lark because it is primarily restricted to beaches and other coastal habitats due to competition from other lark species. Without competition from related species, in North America, it has occupied most types of sparsely vegetated habitats and has evolved into several distinct subspecies.