Overview

Boreal Chickadee: Large chickadee, brown upperparts, dark brown cap, small black bib, gray face and neck, white cheek, rufous sides, white underparts. Gray wings, tail. Short, weak flights on rapidly beating wings. Alternates several quick, shallow strokes with wings pulled to sides.

Boreal Chickadee: Breeds from northern Alaska east to Labrador and Newfoundland, south to northern edge of U.S. Occasionally wanders southward during winter. Usually found in coniferous forests.

Listen to Call

Boreal Chickadee Voice

Voice Text

"chick-a-dee-dee-dee", "chick-chee-day-day"

• The Boreal Chickadee is one of the few birds living completely within the northern boreal forests of Canada and the United States. It prefers dense conifer stands, particularly black spruce and balsam fir.
• During late summer and early fall, when there is an abundance of caterpillars and seeds, they store food for winter among needles or under the bark of branches at a height that will be above the winter snow cover.
• An analysis of their cached items found that the only seeds stored were those of spruce trees. Most of the stashed items were insect larvae.
• A group of chickadees are collectively known as a "banditry" and a "dissimulation" of chickadees.

• Chestnut-backed Chickadee
• Wrentit
• Black-capped Chickadee
• Gray-headed Chickadee
• Mountain Chickadee
• Mexican Chickadee
• Carolina Chickadee

Titmice and Chickadees (Paridae)

ORDER

The PASSERIFORMES (pronounced pas-ser-i-FOR-meez) is a large taxonomic order composed of one hundred eighteen families of birds and includes the predatory shrikes, curious nuthatches and the friendly titmice and chickadees.

FAMILY TAXONOMY

There are fifty-five species in eight genera in the Paridae (pronounced PAR-uh-dee), a family mostly restricted to the northern hemisphere and the one in which the chickadees and titmice are found.

NORTH AMERICA

There are twelve species of Paridae in two genera that occur in North America with two distinct groups; the plump, confiding chickadees and the crested titmice.

KNOWN FOR

The Paridae are mostly known for their friendly behavior. These small birds seem to have little fear of people in wild situations and Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees will readily become tame enough to take seed from an open hand.

PHYSICAL

Small birds with short wings and medium-sized tails, the chickadees have short, stubby bills that give them a large-headed look. The titmice are similar in shape but have slightly larger bills and crests. Both groups have strong feet adapted to an arboreal lifestyle that includes hanging upside down on small branches.

COLORATION

A family with primarily dull-colored plumages, chickadees have pale underparts with gray or brown upperparts and a distinctive dark "bib" on the throat and "cap" on the head. Except for one titmouse species (the Bridled Titmouse), that has a face pattern somewhat like a chickadee, titmice are mostly gray with dark inquisitive eyes that stand out on their plain faces.

GEOGRAPHIC HABITAT

The Paridae in North America are woodland birds, the chickadees occurring in both deciduous and coniferous forests throughout much of the continent and the titmice residing in forest and scrub habitats. Most species of titmice reside in the west and a few are associated with Oak dominated woodlands.

MIGRATION

Although some Black-capped Chickadees that breed in Canada are short distance migrants to milder climes, these are the exception as most members of the Paridae brave the winter even in the boreal zones.

HABITS

Members of the Paridae are social, vocal birds that frequently forage in mixed feeding flocks and are quick to give the alarm when a predator is sighted. Both chickadees and titmice forage in trees and bushes with chickadees often hanging upside down when inspecting twigs for hidden arthropods. Both groups of Paridae also readily feed on seeds and nuts.

CONSERVATION

Titmice and chickadee species are doing well throughout North America and no members of this family are threatened with extinction.

INTERESTING FACTS

The Gray-headed Chickadee is one of the hardiest of bird species in North America. This non-migratory bird spends lives year round in central Alaska; a range that also makes it one of the least seen birds by North American birders.

Author

Gary Owen Dick

Artist

Irina Rud-Volga