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Bird name:

Forster's Tern

Sterna forsteriOrder: CHARADRIIFORMES Family: Skuas, Gulls, Terns, Skimmers (Laridae)
Codes: Common Name: FOTE Scientific Name: STEFOR ITIS Taxonomic No.: 176887
Least Concern
 
Forster's Tern:  The breeding adult Forster’s Tern has pale gray upperparts, black cap and white underparts.  The legs and feet are orange.  The bill is orange with a black tip.
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Overview

Forster's Tern: Medium tern, pale gray upperparts, black cap, white underparts. Bill is orange, black tip. Wings are pale gray with paler primaries. Tail is pale gray, deeply forked with dark inner edge, white outer edge. Orange legs, feet. Hovers above water before diving for prey.

Range and Habitat

Forster's Tern: Breeds along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Texas and in interior Alberta and California east to the Great Lakes. Spends winters along the coasts from California and Virginia southward. In the west, prefers freshwater marshes, whereas in the east, prefers salt marshes.

Topo Map: Gull-like Body


Listen to Call

Voice Text

"ki-arr", "za-a-ap", "zrurrr", "beep"

Interesting Facts

 Forster's Tern is the only tern restricted almost entirely to North America throughout the year.

 They breed in marshes near Black Terns. Wandering semi-precocial young may account for observations of each species feeding the other's young.

 This bird is named after the naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster.

 A group of terns are collectively known as a "ternery" or a "U" of terns.


Bird Term Glossary



Author

Gary Owen Dick

Splitbar
Range Map for Forester's Tern

Related Birds

Arctic Tern
Caspian Tern
Common Tern
Elegant Tern
Least Tern
Royal Tern
Roseate Tern
Sandwich Tern
.
Family Tern (Laridae)_blue
Species Sterna forsteri
Length14 - 15 Inches
Wingspan30.5 Inches

Forster's Tern

Forster's Tern: Medium tern, pale gray upperparts, black cap, white underparts. Bill is orange, black tip. Wings are pale gray with paler primaries. Tail is pale gray, deeply forked with dark inner edge, white outer edge. Orange legs, feet. Hovers above water before diving for prey.

● Song: "ki-arr", "za-a-ap", "zrurrr", "beep"

● Foraging & Feeding: Forster's Tern: Diet consists mostly of fish, but also eats insects, small crustaceans, mollusks, frogs, and tadpoles. Catches fish at surface or by plunge diving into water from a perch or a hover; catches insects on the wing or on the water surface; reportedly eats dead fish and frogs exposed by receding ice; occasionally eats bird eggs.

● Breeding & nesting: Forster's Tern: One to four olive or buff eggs with brown or olive marks are laid on a large platform of dead grass, lined with finer grass, and usually built on a mass of dead marsh vegetation. Incubation ranges from 23 to 25 days and is carried out by both parents.

● Similar species: Forster's Tern: Common and Arctic terns have dark outer and white inner tail edges.

Flight Pattern

Shallow slow graceful flight.
Forster's Tern Body Illustration
● Range & Habitat: Forster's Tern: Breeds along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Texas and in interior Alberta and California east to the Great Lakes. Spends winters along the coasts from California and Virginia southward. In the west, prefers freshwater marshes, whereas in the east, prefers salt marshes.
BreedingMonogamous, Loose colonies
PopulationDeclining
MigrationMigratory
Weight5.6 Ounces
Gull-like BodyX
UnderpartsX
Belly, undertail coverts, chest, flanks, and foreneck.
UpperpartsX
Back, rump, hindneck, wings, and crown.
CapX
The area on top of the head of the bird.
PrimariesX
The primaries are the flight feathers specialized for flight. They are attached to the "hand" equivalent part of the wing.
4 and 6 letter alpha codesX

The four letter common name alpha code is is derived from the first two letters of the common first name and the first two letters of common last name. The six letter species name alpha code is derived from the first three letters of the scientific name (genus) and the first three letters of the scientific name (species). See (1) below for the rules used to create the codes..

Four-letter (for English common names) and six-letter (for scientific names) species alpha codes were developed by Pyle and DeSante (2003, North American Bird-Bander 28:64-79) to reflect A.O.U. taxonomy and nomenclature (A.O.U. 1998) as modified by Supplements 42 (Auk 117:847-858, 2000) and 43 (Auk 119:897-906, 2002). The list has been updated by Pyle and DeSante to reflect changes reported by the A.O.U from 2003 through 2006.

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ITIS CodesX

The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) was established in the mid-1990�s as a cooperative project among several federal agencies to improve and expand upon taxonomic data (known as the NODC Taxonomic Code) maintained by the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

To find the ITIS page for a bird species go to the ITIS web site advanced search and report page at http://www.itis.gov/advanced_search.html. You can enter the TSN or the common name of the bird. It will return the ITIS page for that bird. Another way to obtain the ITIS page is to use the Google search engine. Enter the string ITIS followed by the taxonomic ID, for example "ITIS 178041" will return the page for the Allen's Hummingbird.

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Parts of a Standing birdX
Head Feathers and MarkingsX
Parts of a Flying birdX