Overview
Black-necked Stilt: Large shorebird with sharply contrasting black upperparts and white underparts. Long, thin, upcurved bill. Red eyes with white eye-rings, and white patch above. Legs are extremely long and red-pink. Feeds on insects, fish, worms, small crustaceans and seeds. Swift direct flight.
Range and Habitat
Black-necked Stilt: Breeds along coasts from Oregon and Delaware southward, and locally in western interior states east to Idaho, Kansas, and Texas. Spends winters along the Pacific coast north to central California, Florida, and other Gulf coast states. Preferred habitats include salt marshes, shallow coastal bays, and freshwater marshes.
Avocets and Stilts (Recurvirostridae)
ORDER
The taxonomic order CHARADRIIFORMES (pronounced kah-RAH-dree-ih-FOR-meez) is composed of nineteen families, including the oystercatchers, the stone curlews, the plovers, and the avocets and stilts.
FAMILY TAXONOMY
The family Recurvirostridae (pronounced re-CURV-ih-ROS-truh-dee) can be found on all continents except for Antarctica and is composed of ten species of stilts and avocets in three genera.
NORTH AMERICA
There are three species of stilts and avocets in two genera that have occurred in North America. They are the Black-necked Stilt, the Black-winged Stilt, and the American Avocet.
KNOWN FOR
The stilts and avocets are known for their slender appearance and distinctive bills. The American Avocet, in particular, is known for its unusual, upcurved bill.
PHYSICAL
Avocets and stilts are among the most slender and delicate looking birds. They are medium sized with long, very thin legs, and needle-like bills that are straight in the stilts, and upcurved in the avocets. They have rather long, thin necks, small heads, and long, pointed wings.
COLORATION
The plumages of avocets and stilts are mostly white with varying amounts of black on the upperparts. During the breeding season, the American Avocet also shows orangish coloration on the upper breast and neck. While the legs of the American Avocet are gray, those of the stilts are bright pink.
GEOGRAPHIC HABITAT
In North America, stilts and avocets occur in shallow freshwater marshes, along the shores of lakes, in estuarine habitats, salt evaporation ponds, and locally in saltwater marshes. The Black-necked Stilt is also found along streams in the southern part of its range. Aside from a population in Florida, this stilt and the American Avocet mostly occur in western North America. The third stilt species, the Black-winged, is an accidental vagrant from Eurasia.
MIGRATION
North American members of this family are short distance migrants to coastal areas in the southern Unites States and Mexico.
HABITS
Stilts and avocets often occur in small flocks outside of the breeding season. At all times of the year they forage by wading in shallow water, the stilts probing for insects, crustaceans and other small creatures in the mud and water, and the American Avocet searching for similar prey items by sweeping its bill from side to side.
CONSERVATION
Neither the American Avocet nor the Black-necked Stilt are threatened in North America, although drainage of wetlands could potentially affect both species.
INTERESTING FACTS
Stilts and avocets are very vocal birds. The Black-necked Stilt is called, “perrito” or “little dog” in Latin America because its “yipping” calls sound like a small dog. Although the American Avocet isn’t named after its vocalizations, when a predator is sighted, it gives interesting calls that change in pitch to produce a doppler-like effect that may confuse the predator.