Overview

American Robin: Large, familiar North American thrush, gray-brown upperparts, rich red-brown breast, and white lower belly and undertail coverts. Head appears black with white splotches surrounding the eyes, and throat is white with black streaks. Swift, direct flight on rapidly beating wings.

American Robin: Breeds from Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to California, Texas, Arkansas, and South Carolina. Usually spends winters north to British Columbia and Newfoundland. Preferred habitats include towns, gardens, open woodlands, and agricultural lands.

Listen to Call

American Robin Voice 1

Cheerily cheer-up cheerio

Perhaps the most well known of all bird songs, "cheerily cheer-up cheerio" comes as two or three phases repeated over and over, sounding almost like joyous caroling.

American Robin Voice 2

Chirp-chirp

The "Chirp-chirp" call is a more subdued single note with a constant pause between them.

American Robin Voice 3

Whinnie

The "Whinnie" sound of the American Robin is a stacatto set of notes, each 3 or 4 quick bursts with a pasue of 1 or 2 seconds.

Voice Text

"cheerily cheer-up cheerio"

• During breeding season, male American Robins grow black feathers on their heads to attract females. Once the mating season is over, these feathers are lost.
• These birds have been observed wading belly deep in water to catch small fish.
• There is a Crayola crayon named Robin’s Egg Blue.
• A group of robins are collectively known as a "worm" of robins.

• Spotted Towhee
• Western Bluebird
• Varied Thrush
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak
• Eastern Bluebird
• Eastern Towhee
• Rufous-backed Robin
• Eyebrowed Thrush
• White-throated Robin
• Clay-colored Robin

Thrushes (Turdidae)

ORDER

The order PASSERIFORMES (pronounced pas-ser-i-FOR-meez) encompasses one hundred and eighteen families of birds, among which are included the waxwings, swallows, and thrushes.

FAMILY TAXONOMY

One hundred eighty-three species of thrushes in twenty-four genera make up the Turdidae (pronunciation TUR-duh-dee); a family that occurs on many islands and all continents except for Antarctica.

NORTH AMERICA

Thrushes are well represented in North America with sixty species in thirteen genera (including the extinct Grand Cayman Thrush and Amahui of Hawaii). This family includes well known birds such as the American Robin and bluebirds, and lesser known birds such as the Townsend's Solitaire of western mountain forests.

KNOWN FOR

Thrushes are most well known for their beautiful flute-like songs; an attribute shared by many North American thrush species. The caroling song of the American Robin is often viewed as a harbinger of spring.

PHYSICAL

Small birds with plump bodies, most thrushes have medium-length tails, slender, medium-length bills, and strong legs that work well when foraging on the ground for invertebrates. Their fairly long wings are adaptations for migratory behavior, and in the case of the solitaires and bluebirds aid with their foraging strategies.

COLORATION

Thrushes come in a variety of colors from the beautiful blues of the bluebirds and Bluethroat to the reddish-orange underparts of the American Robin, orange and gray of the Varied Thrush, and the earthy tones of other forest species. All juvenile thrushes are spotted on the underparts, a characteristic also shown by the adults of the Wood Thrush and a few other species.

GEOGRAPHIC HABITAT

In North America, aside from the American Robin and bluebirds, most thrushes are birds of woodland and forest. The Wood Thrush shares the eastern deciduous forests with the Veery while out west, the ethereal tones of the Varied Thrush vie with the songs of Hermit and Swainson's Thrushes in the tall coastal rainforests. The Gray-cheeked Thrush breeds further north in the boreal zone and the Townsend's Solitaire sings from the mountain conifers.

MIGRATION

Thrushes are excellent fliers and make use of this trait for short and long-distance migrations with species such as the Veery and Swainson's Thrush wintering well south of the equator.

HABITS

Aside from open country species like the American Robin and bluebirds, thrushes tend to be shy, inconspicuous birds that quietly forage for invertebrates on the forest floor. Although robins use this foraging strategy, bluebirds snatch insects by flying to the ground and solitaires sally into the air to catch insects. Solitaries also feed on fruit; a trait many thrush species share, more so outside of the breeding season when they also tend to form loose flocks.

CONSERVATION

None of the thrushes of mainland North America are considered threatened although populations of the Wood Thrush have declined in many areas possibly due to deforestation on its breeding and Central American wintering grounds. Most Hawaiian Solitaries, though, have become critically endangered or have gone extinct because of changes to their fragile habitat and susceptibility to avian malaria. Ornithologists are also concerned about the future of some species, such as the Bicknell's Thrush, due to destruction and development of their small wintering habitat areas.

INTERESTING FACTS

Eastern Bluebirds populations have declined as a result of being out competed for nesting sites by more aggressive European Starlings. Fortunately, putting up nest boxes for the cavity nesting bluebirds has helped this species in many areas.

Author

Gary Owen Dick

Artist

Irina Rud-Volga